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Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr III (1901)
''Imperator Alexandr III'' ((ロシア語:Император Александр III)) was a built for the Russian Imperial Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The design of the ''Borodino'' class was derived from that of the French-designed battleship . The ship was completed a few months before the start of the Russo-Japanese War in February 1904 and was assigned to the Second Pacific Squadron sent to the Far East six months later to break the Japanese blockade of Port Arthur. The Japanese captured the port while the squadron was in transit and their destination was changed to Vladivostok. During the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905, ''Imperator Alexandr III'' was sunk by Japanese gunfire with the loss of her entire crew.
==Design and description==
''Imperator Alexandr III'' was long overall, had a beam of and a draft of around at deep load. Designed to displace , she was over overweight and displaced . This caused a problem during sea trials on 6 October 1903 when ''Imperator Alexandr III'' made a high-speed turn that caused her to heel 15° and submerged the embrasures for the guns. Her intended crew consisted of 28 officers and 754 enlisted men, although she carried 826–46 crewmen in service. Her design was based on that of the ''Tsesarevich'', modified to suit Russian machinery.〔McLaughlin, pp. 136–38, 140〕
The ship was powered by two 4-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam generated by 20 Belleville boilers. The engines were rated at and designed to reach a top speed of . ''Imperator Alexandr III'', however, only reached a top speed of from during her official machinery trials on 23 July 1903. She carried a maximum of of coal which allowed her to steam for at a speed of .〔McLaughlin, pp. 137, 144〕
The ship's main battery consisted of four guns mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one forward and one aft of the superstructure. The secondary armament consisted of 12 Canet quick-firing (QF) guns, mounted in twin-gun turrets. A number of smaller guns were carried for defence against torpedo boats. These included twenty QF guns and twenty Hotchkiss guns. She was also armed with four torpedo tubes, one each at the bow and stern above water and two submerged. ''Imperator Alexandr III''s waterline armor belt consisted of Krupp armor and was thick. The armor of her gun turrets had a maximum thickness of and her deck ranged from in thickness. The armored lower deck curved downwards and formed an anti-torpedo bulkhead.〔McLaughlin, pp. 136–37〕
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